南海海盆新生代的构造演化史   总被引：62，自引：6，他引：62  

姚伯初 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1996,16(2):1-13

南海海盆地的地壳为洋壳，在新生代它经历了大西洋海底扩张的演化历史，海盆中有三个残留的海底扩张中心，并发生过两次海底扩张。第一次海底扩张发生在晚始新斩新世，扩张方向为北西－南东向，产生了南海西北海盆和西南海盆。  相似文献   

广东省雷州半岛上地幔热结构和流变学特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

林传勇  黄小龙  徐义刚  史兰斌  陈孝德 《热带海洋学报》2003,22(2):49-62

采用目前认为可靠的几种地质温压计计算了广东省雷州半岛 1件石榴石二辉橄榄岩、1 8件石榴石辉石岩 ,以及 2 0件尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体样品的平衡温度、压力。在所获数据的基础上建立了该区上地幔的地温线以及层序剖面并计算了其速度结构。壳幔边界大致在2 8%D 30km之间 ,在深度为 50km左右发现有尖晶石相向石榴石相的过渡 ,推测该地区岩石圈的底界在 85km左右。采用显微构造应力计和橄榄岩的高温流变律计算了上地幔差异应力、应变速率和等效粘滞度 ,建立了雷州半岛地区上地幔的流变学剖面。差异应力在 2 5—50MPa之间 ,随深度的变化没有明显的规律。应变速率在 1 0 — 1 8— 1 0 — 1 3s— 1 之间 ,有明显的随深度而增高的趋势 ;等效粘滞度的数值大致在 1 0 2 1 — 1 0 2 5Pa·s之间 ,有明显的随深度而变小的趋势。在 65km的深度 ,应变速率和等效粘滞度已达到软流圈的数值。这是由于在该深度有较高的应力所致 ,可能与软流层的底辟上涌有关。  相似文献   

The Circulation in the Upper and Intermediate Layers of the South China Sea   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Atsuhiko Isobe  Takaya Namba 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(1):93-104

The circulation in the basin of the South China Sea is reproduced using a four-layer numerical model. Current fields in the second (upper) and third (intermediate) layers are emphasized. Three eddies coexist in the upper layer in summer. The circulation pattern in this layer is similar to that in the first (surface) layer. In winter, a cyclonic circulation occupies the entire basin of the South China Sea in the upper layer as in the surface layer. On the other hand, the circulation pattern in the intermediate layer is fairly different from that in upper two layers especially in winter. A double-gyre pattern appears in the intermediate layer during winter. The pattern is caused by the propagation of the baroclinic Rossby wave of the second mode. This wave is excited at onset of the winter monsoon wind. Such circulation pattern well explains the observed salinity distribution in the intermediate layer. Although the double-gyre pattern in the intermediate layer is revealed even in summer in this model, it is restricted in the western part of the basin. Besides, its current speed is small compared to that in winter.  相似文献   

Upper Ocean Sensitivity to Wind Forcing in the South China Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

E. Joseph Metzger 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(6):783-798

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) has been used to investigate the sensitivity of the upper South China Sea (SCS) circulation to various atmospheric wind forcing products. A 1/16° 6-layer, thermodynamic Pacific Ocean north of 20°S version of NLOM has been integrated using observed climatological monthly mean winds (Hellerman and Rosenstein, 1983) and climatologies based on two atmospheric prediction models: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). ECMWF products include the 10 meter winds (at both 1.125° and 2.5° resolution) and surface stresses (1.125°). The NCEP forcing (1.875°) is a surface stress product. Significant differences exist in the wind stress curl patterns and this is reflected in the upper ocean model response, which is compared to observational data. The model experiments suggest the generation of the West Luzon Eddy is controlled by positive wind stress curl. The degree of Kuroshio intrusion into the SCS, however, is not affected by wind stress curl but is governed by the coastline geometry of the island chain within Luzon Strait. The summertime offshore flow from the Vietnamese coast is present in all simulations but the dipole structure on either side of the jet is variable, even among experiments with similar wind stress curl patterns. The ECMWF surface stresses exhibit spurious coastal wind stress curl patterns, especially in locations with significant orographic features. This manifests itself in unrealistic small scale coastal gyres in NLOM. High resolution basin-scale and coastal models might be adversely affected by these stresses. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

基于Google Earth影像的黄河上游干流地区滑坡特征分析     

何玉花  张东水  李燕婷  韩用顺  薛彬 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(7)

黄河上游干流地区由于特殊的地形地貌和地质构造使得滑坡灾害频发,对其开展滑坡灾害监测、分析研究,具有十分重要的意义。本文利用2015年间Google Earth遥感数据,提取并分析了该地区的滑坡灾害分布信息,取得了如下成果及认识:1)研究区的空间展布形态主要有7种,滑体性质类型有6种,岩质滑坡数量最多。2)从空间分布特征看,共发现研究区有各类滑坡162处,滑坡主要集中分布在群科-尖扎盆地;从滑坡类型看,研究区滑坡主要为大型滑坡和巨型滑坡。3)滑坡体长、宽主要集中在0~1 500 m和500~1 500 m之间,且长、宽呈两极化方向延伸,滑坡体面积分布不均,滑坡数量随着方量的增大呈现减少的趋势,发生的滑坡主要是滑坡体厚度在25~50 m的深层滑坡。4)滑坡数量在0°~90°之间有峰值出现,然后向两端逐渐减少。  相似文献   

ANALYSIS OF THE MICROPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF RADIATION FOG IN XUANEN MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF HUBEI, CHINA     

费冬冬  牛生杰  杨军 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(2):177-190

Based on data of radiation fog events in Xuanen, Hubei province, 2010, this paper analyzes the microphysical process and evolution characteristics of radiation fogs with complicated substrate in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and compares them with findings in other areas. Results are as follows: radiation fog in Xuanen is evidently weaker in droplet number concentration and liquid water content than land fogs in other areas. Its liquid water content fluctuates obviously, 0.01g/ m3 with visibility of 1,000 meters, which is quite different from that in urban areas, but similar to the Nanling Mountains. Bi-modal droplet distribution is likely to occur in Xuanen mountain radiation fog (MRF) events. Statistical analysis shows that the observed droplet size distribution can be piecewise described well by the Gamma distribution. There is a positive correlation between liquid water content, fog droplet concentration and mean radius, especially in the development and dissipation stage. Condensation growth and droplet evaporation are major processes of Xuanen MRF. The dissipation time coincided with the time when the grass temperature reached the peak value, which indicated that dew evaporation is a key role in maintaining Xuanen MRF. In the early stage of dense fog’s growth, droplets with diameter of over 20 micrometers can be observed with visibility of 800-1,000m, which might be caused by the transportation of low cloud droplets to earth’s surface by turbulence. Big droplets in the initial stage correspond to higher water content, leading to the higher observed value of water content of Xuanen MRF.  相似文献   

2014年夏末秋初三门峡市连阴雨成因分析     

李京梅 《气象与环境科学》2017,40(2):115-119

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° 6 h分析资料和2.5°×2.5°日平均再分析资料、自动雨量站资料,采用统计对比分析、诊断分析等方法,对三门峡市2014年9月7—18日连阴雨过程的环流形势、物理量场进行分析,找出此次连阴雨天气的主要成因,结果表明：1）南亚高压的异常偏北偏强为连阴雨天气提供了有利的大尺度环流背景。2）副热带高压的长时间稳定维持,对减缓低槽和切变线移速、促使暖湿气流向北输送十分有利。3）乌拉尔山高压脊较常年同期偏弱,与常见连阴雨天气乌拉尔山高压脊异常偏强的形势有所不同。4）稳定的副热带高空西风急流与副高外围的西南低空急流耦合,为连阴雨提供了持续的上升运动和水汽辐合。5）强降水的产生只有充足的水汽供给是不够的,还必须在水汽的输送区有明显的水汽辐合。6）低层强烈的垂直上升运动为此次连阴雨期间暴雨的形成提供了有利的动力条件。  相似文献   

Features of eddy kinetic energy and variations of upper circulation in the South China Sea   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

He Zhigang  Wang Dongxiao  Hu Jianyu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2002,21(2):305-314

The features of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and the variations of upper circulation in theSouth China Sea (SCS) are discussed in this paper using geostrophic currents estimated from Maps of Sea Level Anomalies of the TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry data. A high EKE center is identified in the southeast of Vietnam coast with the highest energy level 1 400 cm2 ·s~(-2) in both summer and autumn. This high EKE center is caused by the instability of the current axis leaving the coast of Vietnam in summer and the transition of seasonal circulation patterns in autumn. There exists another high EKE region in the northeastern SCS, southwest to Taiwan Island in winter. This high EKE region is generated from the eddy activities caused by the Kuroshio intrusion and accumulates more than one third of the annual EKE, which confirms that the eddies are most active in winter. The transition of upper circulation patterns is also evidenced by the directions of the major axises of velocity variance ellipses between 10°and 14.5°N  相似文献   

黄河上游内蒙古段河床演变及其与水沙变化的关系     

师长兴 《地理科学》2016,36(6):895-901

对黄河内蒙古段河道大断面进行了连续4 a的测量,分析了断面泥沙冲淤与形态调整的变化过程;通过对河床形态指标变化与水沙条件的相关分析,揭示了河床调整主要的影响因素。结果显示：近4 a内不存在河槽萎缩的现象,整个河段河道存在总的冲刷降低的趋势,继承了自2004年以来该段河道以深度加大为主,河槽逐渐缓慢扩大的变化方向。整个河段平均从2011年汛后至2014年汛后,全断面冲刷了64 m²,河槽河底降低了0.16 m,河槽断面面积增加了4.4%,平均深度增加了4.9%,河槽宽度只增加了0.88%,河槽宽深比减小了4.8%。河槽冲刷和形态调整主要发生在2011年汛后至2012年汛后期间,与2012年较大的洪峰有关。分析河槽冲淤和断面形态变化与水沙条件的关系,结果显示滩唇高度、河槽过水面积、平均深度及宽深比变率与流量大小关系密切。滩唇高度、河槽过水面积、平均深度随着流量的增大而增加,宽深比随着流量的增大而减小。相反,河床断面面积和主槽宽度的变化与水沙条件的关系不显著。除了滩唇高度与平均含沙量有关外,平均含沙量和来沙系数与河床冲淤以及河槽形态变化之间关系都不显著。揭示出近年来内蒙河道主槽以垂向冲淤为主,并且流量变化控制着河槽冲淤与形态调整过程。  相似文献   

Formation Mechanisms and Geomorphic Evolution of the Erlian Mudflow Fans,Eastern Guide Basin of the Upper Reaches of Yellow River     

ZHAO Wuji  YIN Zhiqiang  XU Qiang  QIN Xiaoguang 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(2):578-589

Several argillaceous platforms lie along the Yellow River(YR) of the eastern Guide Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and their compositions, formation processes, and geomorphic evolution remain debated. Using field survey data, sample testing, and high-resolution remote sensing images, the evolution of the Erlian mudflow fans are analyzed. The data show significant differences between fans on either side of the YR. On the right bank, fans are dilute debris flows consisting of sand and gravel. On the left bank, fans are viscosity mudflows consisting of red clay. The composition and formation processes of the left bank platforms indicate a rainfall-induced pluvial landscape. Fan evolution can be divided into two stages: early-stage fans pre-date 16 ka B.P., and formed during the last deglaciation; late-stage fans post-date 8 ka B.P.. Both stages were induced by climate change. The data indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau experienced a cold and humid climate characterized by high rainfall. From 16–8 ka, the YR cut through the Erlian early mudflow fan, resulting in extensive erosion. Since 8 ka, the river channel has migrated south by at least 1.25 km, and late stage mudflow fan formation has occurred.  相似文献